Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with sensitivity to common airborne allergens. The aim of the study was to evaluate immediate type of immunological reaction initiated by main types of airborne allergens in the pathomechanism of atopic dermatitis. The exacerbation of skin inflammation of patients with AD in relation to the seasons was also evaluated.
Material and methods: 529 patients with AD aged (0.5-60 years) who fulfilled basic Hanifin and Rajka criteria and 60 healthy volunteers in the control group were investigated. In order to evaluate IgE-mediated allergy to common airborne allergens skin prick tests (SPT) were performed (26 airborne allergens) and concentration of serum antigen specific IgE (asIgE) was measured. Evaluation of exacerbation of skin inflammation of patient with AD in for patient with monovalent allergy of airborne allergens.
Results: Our results indicated predominance of grass pollen (63.2%) and house dust mite (57.0%) allergens of all patients sensitive to airborne allergens (n-405). In the group of patients sensitive to pollen allergens seasonal exacerbation of skin inflammation was predominant (over 90% of patients) and in the groups of patients sensitive to house dust mite and animal allergens the clinical manifestation of allergy for the whole year was observed in the most patients (77.1% and 57.1%).
Conclusions: We conclude, that house dust mite and plant pollen allergens play an important role in the pathomechanism of atopic dermatitis.