Feelings of guilt in major depression. Conceptual and psychometric aspects

Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Jun:160:781-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.160.6.781.

Abstract

A new scale for the evaluation of feelings of guilt is described. Two types of guilt feeling were of potential interest: 'delusional' guilt or shame (experienced in relation to one's actions), and 'affective' guilt (a more general feeling of unworthiness). Reliability and validity analyses for the first (15-item) version of the scale were performed in three separate and contrasting clinical samples. The second and final (seven-item) version was tested in another sample of major depressives and in normal controls. The HRSD was used as a measure of severity throughout. The BDI and Widlöcher psychomotor retardation scale were also used as external criteria for the seven-item scale. Exploratory factor analysis of this sample yielded two factors--'cognitive/attitudinal' and 'mood/feeling'--of which only the first correlated with scores for psychomotor retardation. It is suggested that these two factors represent two forms of guilt, but that only the former is related to a putative dopaminergic disorder. Guilt scores and measures of severity were not correlated. It is suggested that feelings of guilt should be considered as a behavioural marker for a subtype of depression.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cross-Cultural Comparison
  • Depressive Disorder / diagnosis*
  • Depressive Disorder / etiology
  • Depressive Disorder / psychology
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy
  • England / ethnology
  • Female
  • Guilt*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pilot Projects
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
  • Self-Assessment
  • Spain / ethnology