The results of squint surgery in 40 children with congenital esotropia are analysed. A 'favourable outcome' was achieved in 23 (57.5%) children. The factors affecting the final outcome including ocular alignment in the immediate postoperative period, age at the time of surgery, amblyopia, associated inferior oblique overaction, dissociated vertical deviation, latent or manifest latent nystagmus, and the surgical procedures used are discussed.