Dental pain is encountered daily by clinicians. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used for pain management are traditionally cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and more recently selective COX-2 inhibitors. This study was designed to identify and quantify COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression level in inflamed rat molar pulps after administration of three NSAIDs: Celebrex, Vioxx, and Advil. Fifty male Wistar rats had their first and second molar pulps exposed and sealed with Cavit for 4 days. Rats were randomly divided into the three drug groups and two control groups. RNA was isolated from the rat pulps. Real Time Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction assay, a relatively new PCR technique, was used to quantify COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences in COX-1 and COX-2 levels among the drug groups. However, Vioxx and Advil significantly reduced COX-2 expression levels compared to inflamed (positive control) pulps (p < 0.05).