Background: Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition manifested clinically by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles and rapidly progressive periodontitis resulting in loss of deciduous and permanent teeth. This case report describes the clinical periodontal findings and treatment of a 10-year-old male patient with PLS. The patient provided informed consent, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.
Methods: Upon initial presentation, a full periodontal examination was completed. Conventional probing depths, clinical attachment levels (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were measured prior to initial therapy, which involved oral hygiene instruction and scaling and root planing. At reevaluation, initial treatment proved unsuccessful, and a surgical approach with concomitant systemic antibiotic therapy was implemented. In addition, the patient's dermatologist treated his palmoplantar keratoderma with systemic retinoids. Subsequently, the patient was placed on a strict 3-month maintenance protocol and was evaluated over a period of 1 year.
Results: Initial treatment with mechanical therapy, oral hygiene instruction, frequent recalls, and systemic antibiotics did not yield efficacious results. However, with the addition of surgical treatment, a favorable clinical outcome was obtained.
Conclusions: Numerous treatment regimens for the periodontal disease seen in PLS can be found in the literature. We demonstrate successful treatment of the periodontal disease seen in this condition using mechanical therapy, systemic antibiotics, and surgical modalities; over a period of 1 year, we were able to achieve significant reductions in gingival inflammation and erythema.