X-chromosome STR, known as microsatellite, is a kind of the most information genetic markers for specific biological materials. Because the size of X-chromosome STR alleles is small, generally including 100-350 nucleotides, it is relatively easy to be amplified and detected with high sensitivity. We have investigated 10 X-chromosome STR loci in an Ewenke ethnic population who live in Neimengu of northeast China. Allele frequencies of 10 X-chromosome STR loci, including DXS7133, DXS6799, DXS8378, DXS7423, DXS6804, HPRTB, DXS7424, DXS7132, DXS6789 and DXS101, were obtained from healthy unrelated individuals (45 females and 53 males) of Ewenke ethnic group.