The evolution of endothermy is thought to have been facilitated by the advent of endothermic energy sources such as brown adipose tissue (BAT), the principal site of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). In marsupials, heat is primarily produced through shivering and NST in skeletal muscle because BAT is either absent or appears to be non-functional. The most basal group of the eutherian lineage are the Afrotheria. Rock elephant shrews, Elephantulus myurus are amongst the smallest members of the Afrotheria and are also known to use exogenous passive heating. The aim of this study was to determine whether the reliance on passive heating compromised the capacity for thermogenesis in E. myurus. We measured the thermogenic response to noradrenalin (NA) injection in E. myurus acclimated to short photoperiod. The thermogenic response at 25 degrees C was 1.58 ml O(2) g(-1) h(-1). We used phylogenetically independent analyses to establish how this thermogenic response compared to other eutherians that display classical NST. The thermogenic response of E. myurus was not significantly different from phylogenetically independent allometric predictions. However, it is unclear whether this thermogenic response is indicative of classical NST and molecular data are required to verify the presence of BAT and UCPs in elephant shrews.