Introduction: Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) is a key cytokine in the development of fibrotic diseases which are characterized by a pathological excess of extracellular matrix involving multiple organs.
Exegesis: To induce its biological effects, TGFbeta1 interacts with Ser/Thr kinase receptor complexes. The polypeptide binding to the receptors induces TGFbeta intracellular mediator phosphorylation and namely Smad proteins. Upon phosphorylation the latter form protein complexes which are then translocated to the nucleus where they participate to matrix gene regulation.
Conclusion: We will summarize the literature on the involvement of TGFbeta1 through the Smad proteins in fibrotic diseases.