The peritoneal dialysis was carried out in dogs for the fist time in 1946. Since then, this method of therapy has been applied more and more frequently in veterinary medicine. The dialysis therapy is mainly recommended in the acute renal failure. Accordingly to the time period over which dialysis is performed and the flow pattern of the dialysate, different types of the peritoneal dialysis are distinguished. In carnivores, intermittent peritoneal dialysis is the most commonly applied method of dialysotherapy. However, despite a considerable effectiveness of this method, complications including uncontrolled transportation of elements and proteins or problems with catheter occur quite often. This article describes indications and contraindications which enable to qualify animal patients for dialysotherapy, and detailed principles of peritoneal dialysis procedure.