This prospective study evaluated the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress in a group of dialysis patients just before and 3 months after kidney transplantation and compared the results with a control group of healthy subjects. The oxidative stress markers determined were different F2-isoprostane isomers. The inflammatory markers included C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. Forty-three patients were the study group and 50 healthy subjects from a hospital blood bank as controls. The results showed levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers to be higher in the dialysis patients than in the control group, although they improved following kidney transplantation. Finally, significant correlations were observed between F2-isoprostane isomers and inflammatory markers.