Improved sedation for oral surgery by combining nitrous oxide and intravenous Midazolam: a randomized, controlled trial

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Jun;35(6):522-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2005.11.003. Epub 2006 Jan 25.

Abstract

The objective is to investigate whether sedation techniques for oral surgery can be improved by combining the use of inhalation of nitrous oxide/oxygen with intravenous Midazolam. Prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial: Patients requiring extractions or surgery were randomly allocated to subgroups receiving either intravenous Midazolam or nitrous oxide/oxygen or a combined technique using nitrous oxide/oxygen and intravenous Midazolam. Safety parameters, amount of sedative agents administered, recovery time and co-operation scores were recorded. Patients receiving the combined sedation technique were initially titrated with 10% nitrous oxide, increasing by increments of 10% up to a maximum of 40% nitrous oxide and 60% oxygen. Midazolam was then titrated (initially 2 mg wait 2 min with increments of 1mg every minute until appropriately sedated) whilst still administering 40% nitrous oxide. When a combined technique of N(2)O/O(2) and Midazolam was used there was a statistically significant reduction in the amount of Midazolam required to achieve effective sedation (P<0.001), an overall significant reduction in recovery time (P<0.001) and a significant improvement in co-operation (P<0.01) and arterial oxygen saturation (P<0.001). This combined technique was found to be safe and reliable, requiring reduced doses of Midazolam and demonstrable improvement in patient recovery and co-operation.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Anesthesia Recovery Period
  • Anesthesia, Dental / methods*
  • Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage*
  • Anesthetics, Intravenous / administration & dosage
  • Conscious Sedation / methods*
  • Cooperative Behavior
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / administration & dosage*
  • Male
  • Midazolam / administration & dosage*
  • Middle Aged
  • Nitrous Oxide / administration & dosage*
  • Oral Surgical Procedures*
  • Oxygen / blood
  • Prospective Studies
  • Safety
  • Tooth Extraction

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Inhalation
  • Anesthetics, Intravenous
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Midazolam
  • Oxygen