Purpose: We reviewed the definition and etiologies of nocturia, offering the current diagnostic procedures and standards of care.
Materials and methods: We reviewed recent published literature regarding nocturia, along with current paradigms for diagnosis and management.
Results: Nocturia is common as a limited occurrence but troublesome if the patient regularly experiences more than 2 episodes during sleep hours. The 4 principle etiologies associated with nocturia (nocturnal polyuria, decreased nocturnal bladder capacity, mixed polyuria, and global polyuria) may be easily differentiated through mathematical analysis of a 24-hour bladder diary.
Conclusions: Nocturia is highly treatable in many patients. Identification of the precise type and its cause enable clinicians to minimize the inconvenience and sleep deprivation associated with nocturia.