Wistar rats were fed with a high lipid diet supplemented with living or thermal death bacteria of Lactobacillus acidophilus MG2-1 which was isolated from koumiss in Mongolia and was of good ability of acid tolerance and decreasing the level of cholesterol in vitro. The effect of Lb. acidophilus MG2-1 on the metabolism of serum cholesterol was discussed. It was showed that it was on the 14th day of experiment that the inhibiting effects of the increase of serum cholesterol level of rat groups fed with living bacteria and heat-killed bacteria was significantly (p > 0.05) and very significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of the high lipid diet group respectively; at the same time, the level of serum HDL-C of the thermal death bacteria group was significantly higher than that of the high lipid diet group (p < 0.05), also arteriosclerosis index of wistar rats in experimental group is significantly lower than that of the high lipid diet group (p < 0.01). The total bile acid level of the thermal death bacteria group in fecal is significantly higher than that of the high lipid diet group (p < 0.05). It is suggested that the increase of serum cholesterol level in rats can be inhibited and arteriosclerosis can also be prevented by this strain. During the period of tests, the effect of the strain on serum lipid in rats weaken with the time going, while the dose of bacteria fed was not changed.