Walking ability and physical fitness were assessed in 57 elderly Japanese women. Self-selected walking velocity at normal and fast speeds decreased markedly after age 60. The older age groups exhibited significant reductions in the lower limb joint displacements, due particularly to decreased angles at toe-off. The angular velocity of ankle plantarflexion during the stance phase declined markedly with age. A decrease in toe elevation during the swing phase and an increase in stance time in the process of aging suggested an increasing risk of stumbling over obstacles. Reductions in walking parameters with age correlated significantly with aspects of physical fitness tested, especially with items related to neuromuscular functions.