Membrane filtration is used within a multitude of processes ranging from dialysis to desalination processes to sterilizing filtration in the pharmaceutical industry. Membranes, nevertheless, have to have special characteristics and properties to serve such specific applications. Microfiltration membranes are utilized in a large range of membrane polymers and structures, which all have individual production process steps to achieve consistently the same membrane parameters. This chapter discusses membrane polymers and production processes in detail.