Cowden syndrome: report of a case with immunohistochemical analysis and review of the literature

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 May;101(5):625-31. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.06.026. Epub 2006 Jan 10.

Abstract

Cowden syndrome is a rare condition defined by multiple hamartomatous growths and a guarded prognosis owing to the high risk of cancer development. The syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10q23.3, has proven to contain a germline mutation predisposing for uncontrolled cell growth and survival via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Presented here is a case of Cowden syndrome in a patient with multiple hamartomas of the nose, midfacial skin and oral mucosa, and fissured tongue; plus a history of bipolar disease, iron deficiency anemia, basal cell carcinoma, fibroids of the uterus, and arthritis. The family history was significant for a daughter diagnosed with lung cancer. A final diagnosis of Cowden syndrome was made on the basis of established criteria and confirmed using immunohistochemistry directed against PTEN and phosphorylated-AKT.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology
  • Female
  • Gene Expression / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
  • Germ-Line Mutation
  • Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / enzymology
  • Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / genetics
  • Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Immunoenzyme Techniques
  • Middle Aged
  • Mouth Mucosa / chemistry
  • Mouth Mucosa / enzymology
  • Mouth Mucosa / pathology*
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase / analysis
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / analysis
  • Skin Diseases / enzymology
  • Skin Diseases / pathology*
  • Tongue Diseases / enzymology
  • Tongue Diseases / pathology*

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • PTEN Phosphohydrolase
  • PTEN protein, human