Bone, body weight, and weight reduction: what are the concerns?
- PMID: 16702302
- PMCID: PMC4016235
- DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.6.1453
Bone, body weight, and weight reduction: what are the concerns?
Abstract
Of the U.S. population, 65% is either overweight or obese, and weight loss is recommended to reduce co-morbid conditions. However, bone mobilization and loss may also occur with weight loss. The risk for bone loss depends on initial body weight, age, gender, physical activity, and conditions of dieting such as the extent of energy restriction and specific levels of nutrient intake. Older populations are more prone to bone loss with weight loss; in women, this is due at least in part to a reduced dietary Ca intake and/or efficiency of absorption. Potential hormonal mechanisms regulating bone loss during weight loss are discussed, including decreases in estrogen, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-2, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1, or an increase in cortisol. In contrast, the rise in adiponectin and ghrelin with weight reduction should not be detrimental to bone. Combining energy restriction with exercise does not necessarily prevent bone loss, but may attenuate loss as was shown with additional Ca intake or osteoporosis medications. Future controlled weight loss trials should be designed to further address mechanisms influencing the density and quality of bone sites vulnerable to fracture, in the prevention of osteoporosis.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Weight loss and calcium intake influence calcium absorption in overweight postmenopausal women.Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):123-30. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.1.123. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004. PMID: 15213038 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Low bone mass in premenopausal chronic dieting obese women.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;58(6):966-71. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601922. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004. PMID: 15164118
-
Prospective 10-year study of the determinants of bone density and bone loss in normal postmenopausal women, including the effect of hormone replacement therapy.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 Jun;56(6):703-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01534.x. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002. PMID: 12072039
-
Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 4. Calcium nutrition and osteoporosis.CMAJ. 1996 Oct 1;155(7):935-9. CMAJ. 1996. PMID: 8837543 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Bone metabolism in obesity and weight loss.Annu Rev Nutr. 2012 Aug 21;32:287-309. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104655. Annu Rev Nutr. 2012. PMID: 22809104 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Bone health in childhood low-grade glioma: an understudied problem.Endocr Connect. 2024 Sep 25;13(10):e240224. doi: 10.1530/EC-24-0224. Print 2024 Oct 1. Endocr Connect. 2024. PMID: 39140359 Free PMC article.
-
Bone Fragility in Diabetes and its Management: A Narrative Review.Drugs. 2024 Sep;84(9):1111-1134. doi: 10.1007/s40265-024-02078-5. Epub 2024 Aug 5. Drugs. 2024. PMID: 39103693 Review.
-
Association of bone fracture with 30-year body mass index (BMI) trajectories: findings from the Framingham Heart Study : Bone fracture and 30-year BMI trajectories.Osteoporos Int. 2024 Jul;35(7):1205-1212. doi: 10.1007/s00198-024-07068-7. Epub 2024 Apr 8. Osteoporos Int. 2024. PMID: 38587675
-
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteoporosis in a Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.Med Sci Monit. 2023 Dec 24;29:e942346. doi: 10.12659/MSM.942346. Med Sci Monit. 2023. PMID: 38142297 Free PMC article.
-
Precedence of Bone Loss Accompanied with Changes in Body Composition and Body Fat Distribution in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.J Diabetes Res. 2023 Apr 17;2023:6753403. doi: 10.1155/2023/6753403. eCollection 2023. J Diabetes Res. 2023. PMID: 37102158 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Shapses SA, Cifuentes M. Body weight/composition and weight change: effects on bone health. In: Holick MF, Dawson-Hughes B, editors. Nutrition and bone health. Humana Press Inc; Totowa, NJ: 2004. pp. 549–73.
-
- Espallargues M, Sampietro-Colom L, Estrada MD, Sola M, del Rio L, Setoain J, Granados A. Identifying bone-mass-related risk factors for fracture to guide bone densitometry measurements: a systematic review of the literature. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:811–22. - PubMed
-
- Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Anderson JJ. Effects of weight and body mass index on bone mineral density in men and women: the Framingham study. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8:567–73. - PubMed
-
- Papakitsou EF, Margioris AN, Dretakis KE, Trovas G, Zoras U, Lyritis G, Dretakis EK, Stergiopoulos K. Body mass index (BMI) and parameters of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004;47:185–93. - PubMed
