Ten similar rams were either vasectomized (VAS) or altered by securing the testes near the abdomen using elastrator bands (short scrotum, SS). Semen characteristics (electroejaculation) were similar (P>0.10) between groups before treatment and ejaculate volumes remained relatively constant (P>0.10) throughout the trial. Remaining sperm cells were nonmotile and 95% abnormal by 6 days after vasectomy. By 12 days after surgery, ejaculates contained no cells. Two SS rams had detectable sperm numbers at 12 days after treatment, but 95% were abnormal and all but 1% were nonmotile. Ejaculates collected 3 months after surgery were similar between treatments, in that all existing cells were nonmotile and abnormal. Partial spermatogenic function was regained in SS rams 15 months after treatment as indicated by the presence of low concentrations of motile sperm. Three and 15 months after treatment, sexual activity was estimated by exposing rams to a group of four estrous ewes. During the 15-minute exposure, VAS males exhibited more (P<0.10) nonmating sexual approaches than did SS animals during the first year. However, nonmating approaches and incomplete and completed matings were similar (P>0.10) between VAS and SS rams during the second year. No treatment differences in serum testosterone were observed before, during or after either libido trial. Shortening the scrotum of 6-month-old ram lambs has little effect on libido or testosterone when compared with VAS rams. However, the SS method of alteration does not result in complete sterility as indicated by the presence of motile spermatozoa in ejaculates 15 months after SS treatment.