In neonates and infants, arterial and central venous catheters are of vital importance to optimize perioperative surveillance during surgery as well as postoperative care in the intensive care unit. The insertion of umbilical venous (UVC) and umbilical arterial catheters (UAC) in neonates in the first days of life is relatively simple and associated with a low procedure-related risk. As with other centrally placed catheters, correct positioning must be verified and the catheters should not be used for more than 5-7 days. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are commonly used in neonates and can be an alternative to conventional central venous lines in older infants. In order to minimize the risk associated with catheter malposition, correct position must always be verified by appropriate imaging studies or ECG guidance. Surgically placed Broviac catheters are mainly used in patients with a long-term need for central venous access. Finally, it has been shown that adherence to strict guidelines for insertion and handling can significantly reduce catheter-associated infections.