Stroke is the first cause of disability in industrialized countries. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of poststroke recovery appears to be crucial in improving motor performance and reducing disability in stroke patients. Strategies through which brain restores lost functions after ischemic lesions are numerous. The mechanisms underlying poststroke recovery, known as cerebral plasticity, are so far hypothetical. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies recently have provided new insights in to stroke recovery. This article sketches out the mechanisms that are thought to underly recovery and focuses on fMRI experimental studies that have investigated the influence of a number of drugs on functional recovery. Functional MRI is a valuable tool in understanding functional recovery and may help to disclose new therapeutical approaches.