Fatal herpesvirus encephalitis in a reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata)

Vet Pathol. 2006 Sep;43(5):769-72. doi: 10.1354/vp.43-5-769.

Abstract

Fatal meningoencephalitis caused by equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) was diagnosed in a reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulate). The giraffe died following a history of stumbling, incoordination, and abdominal pain. Gross examination of the brain revealed asymmetric edema and red-brown discoloration, predominantly within the telencephalon. Microscopically, there was perivascular lymphohistiocytic cuffing, multifocal gliosis, and neuronal necrosis in the cerebrum. Necrotic neurons contained acidophilic intranuclear inclusions. EHV-1 was isolated from the brain of the giraffe, and polymerase chain reaction was positive on sections of the brain. Immunohistochemistry using an EHV-1-specific antibody identified positive staining in neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. The giraffe had been housed with a group of zebras that were serologically positive for EHV-1 and suspected as the source of infection. This raises concerns for cross-species transmission of EHV-1 when housing equids together with other species in zoologic collections.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antelopes / virology*
  • Antibodies, Viral / isolation & purification
  • Brain / pathology
  • Brain / virology
  • Encephalitis / veterinary*
  • Encephalitis / virology
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary*
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
  • Male

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral