In the area of Rügen-Stralsund a maximum value of urolithiasis and cholelithiasis was found. In 27,133 autopsies the frequency of urolithiasis was 6%. Obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus may increase the tendency of cholelithiasis patients to develop additional urolithiasis. Ureteral and urinary bladder calculi are more frequently among male patients. In cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia the incidence of urolithiasis was not higher than in female patients. In the autopsy material multiple calculi and bilateral cases occur more frequently. Hypertension and increased heart weight did occur more frequently in patients suffering from oxalate lithiasis. Some of the calculi may develop in the terminal age of life.