Using substrate engineering to harness enzymatic promiscuity and expand biological catalysis

Nat Chem Biol. 2006 Dec;2(12):724-8. doi: 10.1038/nchembio828. Epub 2006 Oct 22.

Abstract

Despite their unparalleled catalytic prowess and environmental compatibility, enzymes have yet to see widespread application in synthetic chemistry. This lack of application and the resulting underuse of their enormous potential stems not only from a wariness about aqueous biological catalysis on the part of the typical synthetic chemist but also from limitations on enzyme applicability that arise from the high degree of substrate specificity possessed by most enzymes. This latter perceived limitation is being successfully challenged through rational protein engineering and directed evolution efforts to alter substrate specificity. However, such programs require considerable effort to establish. Here we report an alternative strategy for expanding the substrate specificity, and therefore the synthetic utility, of a given enzyme through a process of "substrate engineering". The attachment of a readily removable functional group to an alternative glycosyltransferase substrate induces a productive binding mode, facilitating rational control of substrate specificity and regioselectivity using wild-type enzymes.

Publication types

  • Letter
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbohydrate Sequence
  • Catalysis
  • Enzymes / metabolism*
  • Galactose / metabolism
  • Kinetics
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Engineering
  • Substrate Specificity

Substances

  • Enzymes
  • Galactose