Recently, efforts in comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD have been made, including education, physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutrition, nursing, medication and counseling. Each patient focuses on a different element. Supplying adequate nutrition, among others, is essential for comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation, as well as survival. In this study, the utility of efficient nutritional supplement therapy before and after pulmonary physical therapy was investigated by adding an amino acid drink with a high Fisher ratio to comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation. The subjects were eight patients with COPD with obstructive ventilation disorder as severe as 31.5 +/- 6% of FEV 1.0%. Pulmonary physical therapy was performed for eight weeks in a group administered one bottle of dietary supplement with a high Fisher ratio abundant in branched chain amino acids once daily (200 kCal/ 200 mL, Fisher ratio 40), and in another group without administration. Before and after the physical therapy, six-minute waking examination, QOL assessment (using CRQ), serum protein and serum Fisher ratio were comparatively examined between the two groups. After the eight weeks of pulmonary physical therapy, serum Fisher ratios were evidently reduced and serum protein measurements were also decreased in the group without dietary supplement abundant in branched chain amino acids. Accordingly, more amino acid is needed due to enhanced consumption of muscular protein during pulmonary physical therapy, during which nutrient ingestion including a sufficient amount of branched amino acid is necessary. It is an important element in continuing comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for a longer period.