A frequent complication of hypertension is the development of chronic renal failure. This pathology usually is initiated by inflammatory events and is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of collagens within the renal tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a nonintegrin collagen receptor that displays tyrosine-kinase activity, in the development of renal fibrosis. To this end, hypertension was induced with angiotensin in mice that were genetically deficient of DDR1 and in wild-type controls. After 4 or 6 wk of angiotensin II administration, wild-type mice developed hypertension that was associated with perivascular inflammation, glomerular sclerosis, and proteinuria. Systolic pressure increase was similar in the DDR1-deficient mice, but the histologic lesions of glomerular fibrosis and inflammation were significantly blunted and proteinuria was markedly prevented. Immunostaining for lymphocytes, macrophages, and collagens I and IV was prominent in the renal cortex of wild-type mice but substantially reduced in DDR1 null mice. In separate experiments, renal cortical slices of DDR1 null mice showed a blunted response of chemokines to LPS that was accompanied by a considerable protection against the LPS-induced mortality. These results indicate the importance of DDR1 in mediating inflammation and fibrosis. Use of DDR1 inhibitors could provide a completely novel therapeutic approach against diseases that have these combined pathologies.