Anesthetic efficacy and pain induced by dental anesthesia: the influence of gender and menstrual cycle

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Feb;103(2):e34-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.08.024. Epub 2006 Nov 7.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the influence of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives on pain sensitivity and local anesthetic effectiveness.

Study design: Thirty volunteers were designated into 3 groups (n = 10): group 1, women using contraceptives; group 2, women not using contraceptives; and group 3, men. Groups 1 and 2 had a buccal infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine at the upper-right canine during each one of the 5 phases of the menstrual cycle and group 3 at a randomly selected day. Pain threshold, latency period, and pulpal anesthesia were measured with an electrical pulp tester. Injection discomfort was recorded. Data were analyzed with Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: Pain threshold was higher in men; however, there were no significant differences (P > .05) in anesthetic duration and injection discomfort.

Conclusion: Injection discomfort and clinical effectiveness of local anesthetics are not related to sex, phases of the menstrual cycle, or use of oral contraceptives.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Buccal
  • Adult
  • Anesthesia, Dental / adverse effects
  • Anesthesia, Dental / methods*
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage*
  • Anesthetics, Local / adverse effects
  • Contraceptives, Oral
  • Dental Pulp / drug effects*
  • Dental Pulp Test
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Epinephrine / administration & dosage
  • Facial Pain / etiology*
  • Facial Pain / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Injections / adverse effects
  • Lidocaine / administration & dosage*
  • Lidocaine / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Menstrual Cycle / physiology
  • Pain Threshold
  • Reaction Time
  • Sex Factors
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents / administration & dosage

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Contraceptives, Oral
  • Vasoconstrictor Agents
  • Lidocaine
  • Epinephrine