Autoimmune modulation of astrocyte-mediated homeostasis

Neuromolecular Med. 2007;9(1):1-16. doi: 10.1385/nmm:9:1:1.

Abstract

Astrocytes are principal mediators of homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). They supply neurons and oligodendrocytes with substrates for energy metabolism and clear the extracellular space of excess neurotransmitters. In neuroinflammation, astrocytes have classically been regarded as unimportant since their capacity to present antigen to T cells is limited and has been questioned in vivo. However, it is an evolving concept that autoimmunity in the CNS has a profound impact on astrocytes. In this review, we focus on the alterations in astrocyte functions that occur during an autoimmune attack of the CNS.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation / immunology
  • Astrocytes / immunology*
  • Astrocytes / physiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases / immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases / metabolism
  • Autoimmunity*
  • Biological Transport, Active
  • Central Nervous System / immunology*
  • Central Nervous System / physiology
  • Glutamic Acid / metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Humans
  • Lactic Acid / metabolism

Substances

  • Lactic Acid
  • Glutamic Acid