Abstract
Alcohol affects several neurotransmitter systems within the brain. In this article, the author describes its effects on 5 major ones: glutamate, gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), dopamine, serotonin, and opioid systems. The author also notes the interactions and interdependencies of these transmitters, and provides details on both immediate effects and long-term adaptations. Last, the author explains several psychopharmacological treatments for alcoholism and the effects of these treatments on transmitters, and draws conclusions.
MeSH terms
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Alcohol Deterrents / adverse effects
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Alcohol Deterrents / therapeutic use
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Alcoholism / physiopathology*
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Alcoholism / rehabilitation
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Animals
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Behavior / drug effects*
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Behavior / physiology
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Brain / drug effects*
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Brain / physiopathology
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Ethanol / blood
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Ethanol / toxicity*
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Humans
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Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism*
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Receptors, Neurotransmitter / drug effects
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Receptors, Neurotransmitter / physiology
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Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / physiopathology
Substances
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Alcohol Deterrents
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Neurotransmitter Agents
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Receptors, Neurotransmitter
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Ethanol