Specific covalent immobilization of proteins through dityrosine cross-links

Langmuir. 2006 Dec 19;22(26):11305-10. doi: 10.1021/la0618216.

Abstract

Dityrosine cross-links are widely observed in nature in structural proteins such as elastin and silk. Natural oxidative cross-linking between tyrosine residues is catalyzed by a diverse group of metalloenzymes. Dityrosine formation is also catalyzed in vitro by metal-peptide complexes such as Gly-Gly-His-Ni(II). On the basis of these observations, a system was developed to specifically and covalently surface immobilize proteins through dityrosine cross-links. Methacrylate monomers of the catalytic peptide Gly-Gly-His-Tyr-OH (GGHY) and the Ni(II)-chelating group nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) were copolymerized with acrylamide into microbeads. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), as a model protein, was genetically tagged with a tyrosine-modified His6 peptide on its carboxy terminus. GFP-YGH6, specifically associated with the NTA-Ni(II) groups, was covalently coupled to the bead surface through dityrosine bond formation catalyzed by the colocalized GGHY-Ni(II) complex. After extensive washing with EDTA to disrupt metal coordination bonds, we observed that up to 75% of the initially bound GFP-YGH6 remained covalently bound to the bead while retaining its structure and activity. Dityrosine cross-linking was confirmed by quenching the reaction with free tyrosine. The method may find particular utility in the construction and optimization of protein microarrays.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Cross-Linking Reagents / chemistry*
  • Microspheres*
  • Nickel / chemistry*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Peptides / chemistry*
  • Protein Array Analysis* / methods
  • Tyrosine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Tyrosine / chemistry

Substances

  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Peptides
  • Tyrosine
  • Nickel
  • dityrosine