Abstract
Inhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) provide a strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. DPP IV rapidly inactivates the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Inhibition of DPP IV prolongs and enhances the activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, which serve as important prandial stimulators of insulin secretion and regulators of blood glucose control. In clinical trials DPP IV inhibitors (or 'gliptins') have shown efficacy and tolerability in the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, without causing weight gain or hypoglycaemia.
MeSH terms
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Adamantane / analogs & derivatives
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Adamantane / therapeutic use
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Adenosine Deaminase / metabolism
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Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors*
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Animals
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Blood Glucose / drug effects
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Clinical Trials as Topic
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / metabolism
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / metabolism
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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors*
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Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
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Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / metabolism
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / metabolism
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Glycoproteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Glycoproteins / metabolism
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
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Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Isoenzymes / antagonists & inhibitors
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Nitriles
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Protease Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Protease Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Pyrazines / therapeutic use
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Pyrrolidines
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Sitagliptin Phosphate
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Triazoles / therapeutic use
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Vildagliptin
Substances
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Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors
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Blood Glucose
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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
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Glycoproteins
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Isoenzymes
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Nitriles
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Protease Inhibitors
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Pyrazines
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Pyrrolidines
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Triazoles
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Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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DPP4 protein, human
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4
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Adenosine Deaminase
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Vildagliptin
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Adamantane
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Sitagliptin Phosphate