Synthesis and biological activation of an ethylene glycol-linked amino acid conjugate of cyclic cidofovir

Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Feb 1;17(3):583-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.012. Epub 2006 Nov 10.

Abstract

Cidofovir (HPMPC) is a broad-spectrum anti-viral agent whose potential, particularly in biodefense scenarios, is limited by its low oral bioavailability. Two prodrugs (3 and 4) created by conjugating ethylene glycol-linked amino acids (L-Val, L-Phe) with the cyclic form of cidofovir (cHPMPC) via a P-O ester bond were synthesized and their pH-dependent stability (3 and 4), potential for in vivo reconversion to drug (3), and oral bioavailability (3) were evaluated. The prodrugs were stable in buffer between pH 3 and 5, but underwent rapid hydrolysis in liver (t(1/2) = 3.7 min), intestinal (t(1/2) = 12.5 min), and Caco-2 cell homogenates (t(1/2) = 20.2 min). In vivo (rat), prodrug 3 was >90% reconverted to cHPMPC. The prodrug was 4x more active than ganciclovir (IC50 value, 0.68 microM vs 3.0 microM) in a HCMV plaque reduction assay. However, its oral bioavailability in a rat model was similar to the parent drug. The contrast between the promising activation properties and unenhanced transport of the prodrug is briefly discussed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids / chemistry*
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antiviral Agents / metabolism*
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Biological Availability
  • Biotransformation
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cidofovir
  • Cytosine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Cytosine / chemical synthesis
  • Cytosine / metabolism
  • Cytosine / pharmacokinetics
  • Ethylene Glycol / chemistry*
  • Half-Life
  • Humans
  • Hydrolysis
  • KB Cells
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Organophosphonates / chemical synthesis*
  • Organophosphonates / metabolism*
  • Organophosphonates / pharmacokinetics
  • Peptide Transporter 1
  • Phenylalanine / chemistry
  • Prodrugs / chemical synthesis*
  • Prodrugs / metabolism*
  • Rats
  • Symporters / metabolism
  • Valine / chemistry
  • Viral Plaque Assay

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Antiviral Agents
  • Organophosphonates
  • Peptide Transporter 1
  • Prodrugs
  • Symporters
  • Phenylalanine
  • Cytosine
  • Ethylene Glycol
  • Valine
  • Cidofovir