Middle ear injury through the external auditory canal: a review of 44 cases

Ear Nose Throat J. 2006 Nov;85(11):722, 724-8.

Abstract

We performed a retrospective review of 44 patients with middle ear injury incurred through the external auditory canal. Twenty-two of the 44 patients had presented to our center within 1 month of their injury (early group), and 22 presented later (delayed group); the mean interval from the time of the trauma to presentation was 6 days in the early group and 7 years in the delayed group. The causes of injury were penetrating trauma (70% of cases), thermal insults (20%), and explosive and nonexplosive blasts (9%). Purulent otorrhea, cholesteatoma, and ossicular discontinuity were more common in the delayed group. Otologic surgery was required in 9 early-group patients (41%) and in all 22 delayed-group patients (100%). Two patients in the early group developed a dead ear. The mean pure-tone averages (PTAs) at presentation were 30.7 and 52.2 dB in the early and delayed groups, respectively; after management, the corresponding mean PTAs were 21.0 and 42.5 dB. The respective mean air-bone gaps in the two groups were 14.6 and 28.2 dB at presentation and 8.0 and 17.2 dB after management. We conclude that middle ear injury incurred as a result of trauma sustained through the external auditory canal is associated with considerable morbidity. Patients who present in a delayed fashion have significantly poorer hearing at presentation and after management. Patients who do not develop a dead ear generally derive benefit from reconstruction of the middle ear sound-conduction mechanism.

MeSH terms

  • Acoustic Impedance Tests
  • Adult
  • Audiometry, Pure-Tone
  • Blast Injuries* / complications
  • Blast Injuries* / diagnosis
  • Blast Injuries* / therapy
  • Burns* / complications
  • Burns* / diagnosis
  • Burns* / therapy
  • Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / etiology
  • Ear Canal*
  • Ear, Middle / injuries*
  • Facial Nerve Injuries / etiology
  • Female
  • Hearing Loss, Conductive / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Tympanic Membrane Perforation / etiology
  • Vertigo
  • Wounds, Penetrating* / complications
  • Wounds, Penetrating* / diagnosis
  • Wounds, Penetrating* / therapy