This article describes the current situation of occupational health (OH) in Mexico, including socioeconomic context, legislation, health system, and educative and investigative resources, as well as the practice of OH. Workplace accidents per 100 workers decreased from 7.23 to 2.3 workers in 20 years; deaths decreased from 1.68 to 0.9 per 10,000 workers, while the occupational disease rate increased from 0.6 to 1 per 10,000 workers. This can be interpreted as an improvement in preventive measures as well as problems of recognition and registry. In Mexico OH faces challenges that range from needs for professional training and performance to needs for development of legal measures, coordination, information, and research.