The paper describes the basic methods for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular tuberculosis, which are based on the studied mechanisms of its pathogenesis. It updates the pathomorphism of the disease, the results of experimental studies dealing with new diagnostic techniques, including an objective estimation of a focal response to tuberculin. The results of studies of ocular tuberculosis in children, as well as the efficacy of the new Russian immunotropic drugs glutoxim and betaleukin are outlined.