3D and 4D ultrasound in fetal cardiac scanning: a new look at the fetal heart

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jan;29(1):81-95. doi: 10.1002/uog.3912.

Abstract

Over the last decade we have been witness to a burgeoning literature on three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound-based studies of the fetal cardiovascular system. Recent advances in the technology of 3D/4D ultrasound systems allow almost real-time 3D/4D fetal heart scans. It appears that 3D/4D ultrasound in fetal echocardiography may make a significant contribution to interdisciplinary management team consultation, health delivery systems, parental counseling, and professional training. Our aim is to review the state of the art in 3D/4D fetal echocardiography through the literature and index cases of normal and anomalous fetal hearts.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Echocardiography, Four-Dimensional / methods*
  • Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / methods*
  • Female
  • Fetal Heart / abnormalities*
  • Gestational Age
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / diagnostic imaging*
  • Humans
  • Pregnancy
  • Ultrasonography, Prenatal / methods*