Objective: This study determines whether pretreatment levels of müllerian inhibiting substance/antimüllerian hormone (MIS/AMH) would reflect ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovulatory controls matched by age and weight.
Study design: Case-control study of 20 women with PCOS and 10 normoovulatory women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) at an academic medical center.
Results: Baseline serum MIS/AMH levels in PCOS were higher than those of normoovulatory women (P < .001). MIS/AMH levels increased after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist pituitary suppression; 0.5 ng/mL in PCOS (P = .12) and 0.7 ng/mL in controls (P < .02). In normoovulatory women, MIS/AMH at baseline, after pituitary suppression, and the interval change after pituitary suppression all correlated closely to the number of mature oocytes retrieved (P < .005). In PCOS, however, levels of MIS/AMH at baseline and after pituitary suppression did not show this correlation, whereas only the interval change correlated with the number of mature oocytes retrieved.
Conclusion: Baseline MIS/AMH is a good predictor of the ovarian response to COH in normoovulatory women but not in PCOS.