Caenorhabditis elegans is widely known as a model organism for cell, molecular, developmental and neural biology, but it is also being used for evolutionary studies. A recent meeting of researchers in Portugal covered topics as diverse as phylogenetics, genetic mapping of quantitative and qualitative intraspecific variation, evolutionary developmental biology and population genetics. Here, we summarize the main findings of the meeting, which marks the formal birth of a research community dedicated to Caenorhabditis species evolution.