The chromosomes of a human benign chondroblastoma of the jaw were studied by in vitro technique. Approximately one-third of the analyzed cells had a normal karyotype. The remaining two-thirds constituted an abnormal monoclonal population with a complex and balanced translocation. The observations are different from those in previously studied benign primary bone tumors. The breakpoint in 22q, however, is similar or very close to that observed in two extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas earlier reported.