The prevalence of child and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically in the last 20 years and has led to a rise in cardiovascular-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, in children and youth. The American Heart Association (AHA) issued a scientific statement with available evidence and guidance for health professionals involved in the prevention and management of childhood obesity. The scientific statement was ranked as 1 of the Top 10 Research Advances of 2005 by the AHA. This article builds on the scientific statement, presents multilevel determinants, and emphasizes individual and population-based approaches to prevention. Treatment of child and youth obesity, along with the implications for nurses and other health professionals, is also included.