Several experimental data suggest that single sugar intake may induce heart rate acceleration and blood pressure elevation as a result of sympathetic activation secondary to insulin response and from alterations in endothelial function due to activation of oxidative stress. These hemodynamic effects might be more marked in patients with arterial hypertension or metabolic disorders, in particular in hypertensive patients with diabetes. A high-fat load may also induce activation of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. However, the long-term effect of repeated intake of single sugar and fat on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and endothelial function should be tested in controlled trials. On the contrary, a balanced mixed meal (50% carbohydrates) does not induce any significant blood pressure changes. Nevertheless, acarbose treatment is able to reduce hypertension incidence in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and to improve endothelial function. In elderly subjects, in particular with type 2 diabetes or with severe dysautonomia, sigle sugar intake may account for nonhypoglycemic postprandial dizziness.