Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study

Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Apr:190:293-8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.020040.

Abstract

Background: Low socio-economic status is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, but it is not yet known whether change in socio-economic status leads to a change in rates of depression.

Aims: To assess whether longitudinal change in socio-economic factors affects change of depression level.

Method: In a prospective cohort study using the annual Belgian Household Panel Survey (1992-1999), depression was assessed using the Global Depression Scale. Socio-economic factors were assessed with regard to material standard of living, education, employment status and social relationships.

Results: A lowering in material standard of living between annual waves was associated with increases in depressive symptoms and caseness of major depression. Life circumstances also influenced depression. Ceasing to cohabit with a partner increased depressive symptoms and caseness, and improvement in circumstances reduced them; the negative effects were stronger than the positive ones.

Conclusions: The study showed a clear relationship between worsening socio-economic circumstances and depression.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Belgium / epidemiology
  • Depressive Disorder / epidemiology
  • Depressive Disorder / etiology
  • Depressive Disorder / psychology*
  • Female
  • Health Status
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prevalence
  • Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / statistics & numerical data
  • Risk Factors
  • Socioeconomic Factors*