beta-Hydrogen Kinetic Effect

J Am Chem Soc. 2007 May 2;129(17):5744-55. doi: 10.1021/ja0702162. Epub 2007 Apr 5.

Abstract

A combined kinetic and DFT study of the uncatalyzed isomerization of cationic solvent complexes of the type cis-[Pt(R')(S)(PR3)2]+ (R' = linear and branched alkyls or aryls and S = solvents) to their trans isomers has shown that the reaction goes through the rate-determining dissociative loss of the weakly bonded molecule of the solvent and the interconversion of two geometrically distinct T-shaped 14-electron three-coordinate intermediates. The Pt-S dissociation energy is strongly dependent on the coordinating properties of S and independent of the nature of R'. The energy barrier for the fluxional motion of [Pt(R')(PR3)2]+ is comparatively much lower ( approximately 8-21 kJ mol-1). The presence of beta-hydrogens on the alkyl chain (R' = Et, Prn, and Bun) produces a great acceleration of the reaction rate. This accelerating effect has been defined as the beta-hydrogen kinetic effect, and it is a consequence of the stabilization of the transition state and of the cis-like three-coordinate [Pt(R')(PR3)2]+ intermediate through an incipient agostic interaction. The DFT optimization of [Pt(R')(PMe3)2]+ (R' = Et, Prn, and Bun) reproduces a classical dihapto Pt....eta2-HC agostic mode between the unsaturated metal and a dangling C-H bond. The value of the agostic stabilization energy (in the range of approximately 21-33 kJ mol-1) was estimated by both kinetic and computational data and resulted in being independent of the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the organic moiety. A better understanding of such interactions in elusive reaction intermediates is of primary importance in the control of reaction pathways, especially for alkane activation by metal complexes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Crystallization
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Electrons
  • Hydrogen / chemistry*
  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Isomerism
  • Kinetics
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Solvents
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Solvents
  • Hydrogen