Acute aortic dissection presenting as painful paraplegia

Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2007 Jul;109(6):531-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.03.010. Epub 2007 May 1.

Abstract

Aortic dissection is a rare potentially life threatening condition. Neurological complications such as paraplegia as presenting manifestation of aortic dissection are exceedingly rare. We describe a 60-year-old man who presented with acute onset paraplegia with bladder involvement, constricting pain in the lower abdomen, bradycardia and succumbed rapidly within 14h of onset of symptoms. Autopsy revealed an unexpected cause of paraplegia with extensive aortic dissection extending from origin to iliac bifurcation (DeBakey type I). The aorta showed extensive atherosclerosis causing medial destruction and dissection. The spinal cord in the vulnerable watershed zone of T12-L1 downwards revealed ischemic softening. No infarcts were seen in other organs as he succumbed rapidly to cardiac tamponade. Acute aortic dissection presenting as paraplegia though rare, should be considered in patients presenting with sudden onset paraplegia with associated severe pain and absent pulses. Prompt diagnosis and timely intervention may help save life and limb.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Pain / etiology*
  • Abdominal Pain / pathology
  • Aorta / pathology
  • Aortic Aneurysm / diagnosis*
  • Aortic Aneurysm / pathology
  • Aortic Dissection / diagnosis*
  • Aortic Dissection / pathology
  • Atherosclerosis / pathology
  • Cardiac Tamponade / etiology
  • Cardiac Tamponade / pathology
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Heart Arrest / etiology
  • Heart Arrest / pathology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / pathology
  • Paraplegia / etiology*
  • Paraplegia / pathology
  • Spinal Cord / pathology