Purpose: To assess whether a delay in initiating definitive therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer affects outcome.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 393 men with localized prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy or surgery without systemic therapy between 1991 and 2004. Data included: time from diagnosis to treatment initiation (more or less than 3 months); biopsy Gleason score grouped by low (2-6), intermediate (7), or high risk (8-10); clinical stage grouped by low (T1/T2a) or high risk (T2b or higher); pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) grouped by low (<10 ng/ml), intermediate (10-20), or high risk (>20); and biochemical recurrence-free survival.
Results: Median patient age was 63.1 years (range 39.7-79.5). Median pretreatment PSA was 6.5 ng/ml (range 0.4-411). Median time from diagnosis to treatment was 57 days (range 8-2927). A total of 310 patients (79%) were treated within 3 months. Median follow-up was 2.3 years (range 0.1-14.0). On univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test, only pretreatment PSA was associated with worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (P = 0.008). Biochemical recurrence-free survival was not associated with time from diagnosis to treatment (P = 0.28), clinical stage (P = 0.50), or biopsy Gleason score (P = 0.19). The results were the same when analyzed in a multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Conclusion: A delay in treatment of > or =3 months does not appear to affect adversely biochemical recurrence-free survival in patients who undergo definitive therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer in those with low risk features.