U-shaped development in math: 7-year-olds outperform 9-year-olds on equivalence problems

Dev Psychol. 2007 May;43(3):687-95. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.687.

Abstract

What is the nature of the association between age (7-11 years) and performance on mathematical equivalence problems (e.g., 7+4+5+7+_)? Many prevailing theories suggest that there should be a positive association. However, change-resistance accounts (e.g., N. M. McNeil & M. W. Alibali, 2005b) predict a U-shaped association. The purpose of the present research was to test these differing predictions. Results from two studies supported a change-resistance account. In the first study (N=87), performance on equivalence problems declined between the ages of 7 and 9 and improved between the ages of 9 and 11. The decrements in performance between the ages of 7 and 9 were then replicated in a second study (N=35). Results suggest that the association between age and performance on equivalence problems is U-shaped.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Child
  • Child Development*
  • Educational Status*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mathematics*
  • Models, Psychological
  • Problem Solving*
  • Regression Analysis
  • Reproducibility of Results