Proximal splenic artery embolization for blunt splenic injury: clinical, immunologic, and ultrasound-Doppler follow-up

J Trauma. 2007 Jun;62(6):1481-6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318047dfb8.

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the clinical, US (ultrasound)-Doppler and hematologic findings after proximal splenic artery embolization (PSAE) for blunt injury.

Methods: From August 1998 to February 2003, 37 patients (28 men and 9 women; 20-89 years old, mean 40 years) underwent PSAE for blunt injuries. One patient required secondary splenectomy after PSAE. Early complications were investigated during the hospital stay. Delayed follow-up included review of the outpatient records, telephone interview, consultation, US-Doppler splenic study, Howell-Jolly body search, and serum antibody titer determinations (pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae B).

Results: No early postprocedural complications were depicted. Ten patients were lost on follow-up. Two patients had a telephone interview that revealed no complication. Twenty-four patients were examined 6 to 63 (mean 26) months after the embolization. No late complication was reported. Splenic measurements were in the normal range: length (53-110 mm; mean, 73), width (49-110 mm; 76), thickness (26-56 mm; 38), volume (61-508 mL; 226), standard ellipsoid formula volume (32-265 mL; 118), corrected volume (29-238 mL; 106), and splenic volumetric index (2.3-18.8; 8.4). The spleen was homogeneous in 23 patients (96%). Intrasplenic vascularization was present and splenic vein was patent in all patients. Howell-Jolly bodies were found in two patients. All patients (24 of 24) evaluated for exposure-driven immunity against Haemophilus Influenza b had sufficient immunity. Seventeen of the 18 patients (94%) evaluated for exposure-driven immunity against pneumococcus had sufficient immunity. Five of the six patients (83%) evaluated for pneumococcus vaccine response had a sufficient response.

Conclusions: Proximal splenic artery embolization in blunt splenic injuries is a well-tolerated technique without major long-term impact on the splenic anatomy and immune function.

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Injuries* / diagnostic imaging
  • Abdominal Injuries* / immunology
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Angiography
  • Embolization, Therapeutic*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Spleen / blood supply*
  • Spleen / diagnostic imaging
  • Spleen / injuries*
  • Splenic Artery* / diagnostic imaging
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler
  • Wounds, Nonpenetrating