The missing link in the fungal D-galacturonate pathway: identification of the L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate aldolase

J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 7;282(36):26195-201. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M704401200. Epub 2007 Jul 3.

Abstract

The fungal path for the catabolism of D-galacturonate is only partially known. It is however distinctly different to the well-known bacterial path. The known elements of the fungal path are D-galacturonate reductase converting D-galacturonate to L-galactonate and L-galactonate dehydratase converting L-galactonate to L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate (2-keto-3-deoxy-L-galactonate). Here we describe the missing link in this pathway, an aldolase converting L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate to pyruvate and L-glyceraldehyde. Fungal enzymes converting L-glyceraldehyde to glycerol have been described previously. The L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate aldolase activity was induced in the mold Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) during growth on D-galacturonate. The enzyme was purified from this mold and a partial amino acid sequence obtained. This sequence was then used to identify the corresponding gene from the H. jecorina genome. The deletion of the gene resulted in a strain unable to grow on d-galacturonate and accumulating L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate. The open reading frame was cloned from cDNA and functionally expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A histidine-tagged protein was expressed, purified, and characterized. The enzyme catalyzed reaction was reversible. With L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate as substrate the K(m) was 3.5 mM and with pyruvate and L-glyceraldehyde the K(m) were 0.5 and 1.2 mM, respectively.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alcohol Oxidoreductases / genetics
  • Alcohol Oxidoreductases / metabolism
  • Aldehyde-Lyases / chemistry
  • Aldehyde-Lyases / genetics
  • Aldehyde-Lyases / metabolism*
  • Base Sequence
  • Catalysis
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • DNA, Complementary / genetics
  • Fungal Proteins / chemistry
  • Fungal Proteins / genetics
  • Fungal Proteins / metabolism*
  • Gene Deletion
  • Hexuronic Acids / metabolism*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • NAD (+) and NADP (+) Dependent Alcohol Oxidoreductases
  • Open Reading Frames / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics
  • Trichoderma / enzymology*
  • Trichoderma / genetics
  • Trichoderma / growth & development

Substances

  • DNA, Complementary
  • Fungal Proteins
  • Hexuronic Acids
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • galacturonic acid
  • Alcohol Oxidoreductases
  • NAD (+) and NADP (+) Dependent Alcohol Oxidoreductases
  • D-galacturonate reductase
  • Aldehyde-Lyases

Associated data

  • GENBANK/EF203091