TRALI--definition, mechanisms, incidence and clinical relevance

Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2007 Jun;21(2):183-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2007.01.003.

Abstract

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is defined as new acute lung injury (ALI) that occurs during or within six hours of transfusion, not explained by another ALl risk factor. Transfusion of part of one unit of any blood product can cause TRALI. The mechanism may include factors in unit(s) of blood, such as antibody and biologic response modifiers. In addition, yet to be described factors in a patient's illness may predispose to the condition. The current incidence is estimated to be 1 in 5000 units. Patients present with acute dyspnea, or froth in the endotracheal tube in intubated patients. Hypertension, hypotension, acute leukopenia have been described. Management is similar to that for ALI and is predominantly supportive. When TRALI is suspected, Blood banks should be notified to quarantine other components from the same donation. No special blood product is required for subsequent transfusion of a patient who has developed TRALI.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Blood Donors
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Pulmonary Edema / epidemiology
  • Pulmonary Edema / etiology*
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Distress Syndrome / etiology*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Transfusion Reaction*