Evidence for p-hydroxybenzoate formation involving enzymatic phenylpropanoid side-chain cleavage in hairy roots of Daucus carota

J Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar 13;165(4):407-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2007.05.005. Epub 2007 Jul 20.

Abstract

In this study, methyl jasmonate (MJ)-elicited hairy root cultures of Daucus carota were explored to study the enzymatic route to p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) biosynthesis. Treatment with 100microM MJ caused an enhanced accumulation of p-HBA as well as total phenolic content in elicited root lines as compared to untreated (controls) lines. Using cell-free extract as the source of crude enzymes, attempt was made to reveal the enzymatic route to p-HBA formation. The accumulation of p-HBA was preceded by a substantial upliftment of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (HBD) activity in elicited lines as compared to controls. A rapid 6-fold enhancement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, the first enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway was also observed. Finally, we demonstrated here for the first time, in D. carota, the evidence of a quite unusual p-hydroxybenzaldehyde synthase (HBS)-type enzyme, which catalyzes the penultimate step of p-HBA biosynthesis by making phenylpropanoid side-chain cleavage of p-coumaric acid without involvement of any cofactor(s), but uplifted by supplementation of a thiol reagent such as DTT in the reaction buffer. This enzyme showed activity in a relatively broad pH range (7-8.4) and the temperature optimum was found to be at 34 degrees C. The MJ-treated roots showed highest HBS activity at 24h (52nkat/mg protein), which was nearly 5-fold higher than that in the control lines.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetates / pharmacology
  • Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / metabolism
  • Biocatalysis / drug effects
  • Carbon-Carbon Lyases / metabolism
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Coumaric Acids / chemistry
  • Coumaric Acids / metabolism
  • Cyclopentanes / pharmacology
  • Daucus carota / drug effects
  • Daucus carota / enzymology*
  • Oxylipins / pharmacology
  • Parabens / metabolism*
  • Phenols / metabolism*
  • Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / metabolism
  • Plant Extracts / metabolism
  • Plant Roots / drug effects
  • Plant Roots / enzymology*
  • Propionates
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Acetates
  • Coumaric Acids
  • Cyclopentanes
  • Oxylipins
  • Parabens
  • Phenols
  • Plant Extracts
  • Propionates
  • methyl jasmonate
  • Aldehyde Oxidoreductases
  • 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
  • Carbon-Carbon Lyases
  • Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
  • p-coumaric acid
  • 4-hydroxybenzoic acid