The experience with antibacterial therapy in 120 patients with choledocholithiasis and cicatricial stricture of the bile ducts complicated by the development of an external biliary fistula is summarized. It was established that intravenous administration of antibiotics at the maximum dosages with purposeful sanation of the bile ducts via the external biliary fistula at the preoperative period improved the immediate and long-term results of treatment of the patients. Only in full-value, adequate correction of disorders in the major bile outflow, the reliable elimination of the external biliary fistula is possible.